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With the increase of the speed of trains, it is impossible to guarantee the safety of driving by relying solely on human observation and artificially driven trains. Therefore, when the train speed is greater than 160km/h, a train operation control system (referred to as a train control system) must be equipped in order to realize automatic control of train interval and speed, improve transportation efficiency, and ensure driving safety. The train control system involves many key technologies, including large-capacity, real-time and reliable information transmission between vehicles, as well as train positioning, train accuracy, and safety control. It should be said that the signal system with the control technology of modern trains as its core can be called a modern railway signal system.
Second, the train control system function At present the train control system mainly includes the line idle/occupy and the train completeness examination, the train movement authorizes the calculation, the instruction train safety movement speed, monitors the train safe movement four functions. Our country has drawn lessons from the European experience in the construction of train control systems (ETCS), combined with the characteristics of China’s railway transportation and the existing signal equipment system, considering future development, and following the principle of unified planning for the entire road, we formulated the CTCS technical standards for train control systems in China. CTCS-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 levels. The details of these five levels are shown in Table 1. At present, there are mainly three levels. Look, mainly in China's second-level and third-level. 
Third, China's train control system CTCS system structure shown in Figure 1. 
It mainly includes the ground subsystem and the vehicle subsystem. The ground system mainly includes transponder, track circuit, wireless communication network (GSM-R), train control center, (TCC)/radio blocking center (RBC) carrier equipment, and wireless system on-board module.
Figure 2 is our country's CTCS-2 system. Let's talk briefly. 
From Fig. 2, we can see that some instructions of the dispatcher can be sent to the station linkage system and the train control center through the station extension. The train control center can complete some corresponding functions and send it to the transponder and the track circuit. Then through the transponder and track circuit to send some information to the train, then the train is based on the ground information it received from the control vehicle. This is the CTCS-2 class system. Its main feature is the transmission of train license information based on track circuits and transponders, and the use of target distance continuous speed control mode to monitor the train safety running train control system.
In addition, China also has a CTCS-3 class system that is used on high-speed railways with a speed of 300km/h or more. The difference between the CTCS-3 and CTCS-2 systems is that the former adds a wireless blocking center RBC and a GSM-R wireless communication network to the ground equipment; a GSM-R wireless communication unit and an antenna are added to the vehicle equipment; According to RBC's driving license, the equipment generates a continuous speed control pattern curve to monitor the safe operation of the train in real time.
Fourth, effectiveness and problems After equipped with the train control system, the speed of the train was improved and the train density was increased. The CTCS-3 train control system can achieve a minimum tracking interval of 3 min. The passenger transportation capacity is improved. The Chinese high speed railways send passengers daily. 1 million people.
High-speed railways shorten the space-time distance of the region and have significant energy-saving and environmental protection benefits.
The high-speed railway has greatly released the cargo capacity of the existing lines, creating conditions for the implementation of passenger and cargo sub-line transportation.
The construction of high-speed railways is of positive significance to improving people’s living standards and national economic construction.
4.1 Effects on the development of signal technology (1) The realization of the change from the control of the ground fixed signal display to the direct control of the train-oriented moving body.
(2) A change from an open-loop control that does not control the execution of the train only to the signal display control, to a close-loop control that the train performs the signal command according to requirements is realized.
(3) The transformation from decentralized control at the station to centralized command and control at the dispatch center was realized.
Therefore, I think that the development of the CTCS-2 and CTCS-3 train control systems has made China's railway signal technology a major step forward in modern railway signal technology with train operation control technology as the core. Therefore, China’s train control technology The direction of development is correct and the results are impressive. At present, the level of railway signal technology in China has reached or approached the world's advanced level.
4.2 Problems with Technical Standards and Architecture: (l) The three-point inspection was not implemented in the interval. When there is a bad shunt, it may cause accidents of train rear-end collision. (2) The system structure is affected by the original signal system. For example, the interlocking system and the train control center are set independently, and the integration of the station area has not been solved. (3) Some safety standards are not strictly enforced, such as: input acquisition 2-way safety comparison. (4) Failed to fully implement the integrated design of the subsystems of the train control, and the clocks, displays, and operations are not uniform.
Basic research: The security computer platform has not reached the level of developed countries in the West; there is no SIL4 or 3 operating system; there is no security software generation tool and corresponding detection method that can be certified; the security communication and security interface technology needs to be improved.
Independent safety assessment and certification system: There is no independent safety certification and safety assessment organization, and traditional methods of appraisal, acceptance, and evaluation are used to establish risk-based safety management methods and systems.
Lack of detailed management attitudes and methods: There is a slack in equipment R&D and production; construction, installation, and commissioning have serious problems in time and time, and lack of strict testing systems and testing tools, especially software modification and version management control. Not strict enough.
Training and Emergency Disposal: There is a situation where training is not in place, there is an improper disposal in case of emergency, and there are defects in the method and system for high-speed rail emergency disposal.
4.3 Some Suggestions Although China's train control technology has made remarkable achievements, the “7.23 Yufeng Wenling Extra Large Railway Traffic Accident†has made us more clearly aware of the impact of signal equipment on the operation safety of high-speed railways and should fully understand the advanced technology. With regard to the dependability of safety and reliability, and attention to speed and quality of coordination, I have made several suggestions for the current status quo:
(1) Continue to conduct in-depth research to improve the technical standards and system structure of existing systems so that the system will be more secure and the structure will be more reasonable;
(2) Strengthen basic technology research and provide safe and reliable platforms for various train control systems;
(3) Improve the existing methods of appraisal and assessment, and actively develop signal system safety certification and evaluation system;
(4) Make full use of new information science technologies to research and develop new types of safety warning devices for train operations.
(The above content was compiled according to the report made by Prof. Guo Jin at China Automation Conference 2011, without my confirmation)
Development and Consideration of China High Speed ​​Railway Signal System
First, the railway signal system The railway signal system is born and developed to ensure the safety of transportation. Its first mission is to ensure traffic safety. Without railway signals, there is no safety of railway transportation. The information and control system composed of railway signals, railway fixed equipment (circuits, bridges, tunnels) and mobile equipment (locomotives, vehicles) are three inseparable technical foundations of the railway transportation system and occupy a very important position in railway transportation.