Vacuum freeze-drying technology has been widely used in bio-engineering, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, materials science and deep processing of agricultural and sideline products. Therefore, both domestic and foreign countries attach great importance to this technology. This can be experienced only at academic conferences at home and abroad. The National Chemical Engineering Professional Committee of the China Chemical Industry Association holds a national dry technology academic exchange meeting every two years. There are many articles on freeze-drying technology published at the meeting; the sixth professional committee of the China Refrigeration Association holds a national conference every four years. At the Symposium on Vacuum Freeze-drying, the articles published at the conference were all related to freeze-drying; the relevant meetings of the Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Food Society, Medicine, and Biology of the Chinese Vacuum Society have all published articles on freeze-drying. The International Drying Society held an academic exchange meeting every two years. At the IDS'98 International Conference, Professor A. Liapis of Missouri-Rolla University in the United States won the “Outstanding Freeze-Drying Awardâ€. The reason for the award was in the basic research of vacuum freeze-drying. Made outstanding contributions; International Drying Conference in 2000 has participated in more than 30 countries and regions, published 301 papers, and set a total of 5 awards, the third of which is the “Freeze Drying Outstanding Contribution Awardâ€; the 13th International Drying in 2002 The academic symposium was held in Beijing, China. The volume of the papers was 3 volumes. The articles on freeze-drying were collected in volume A. In the 8 special lectures on the conference, the achievements of Northeastern University in lyophilized corneal preservation activities were mentioned twice. Japanese scholars actively proposed to exchange visits to the laboratory. The research dynamics of the freeze-dried technology at home and abroad Dr. students at Northeastern University have successively established the heat transfer model of frozen materials on the shelf and the heat transfer model of the frozen cornea in the cooling apparatus. Sandall and King et al. proposed a heat and mass transfer model during the sublimation drying process, abbreviated as the Uniformly Retreating Ice Model. On this basis, Liapis and Lifchfield et al. proposed a desorption-sublimation model for the vacuum freeze-drying process. The current research hot topic is the thermal mass transfer of biological cells in the process of lyophilization, and the nanoscale heat and mass transfer theory. Research on Freeze-drying Technology at Home and Abroad The dynamic freeze-drying process of biological products and pharmaceuticals is more complicated. In particular, studies on freeze-dried protective agents and excipients are confidential between countries, and the contents published in the articles are disclosed. Are common sense formulas. The main difference between domestic and foreign research work lies in testing instruments. Many domestic experiments and experience; foreign instruments are more advanced, such as cryogenic biological microscope, scanning electron microscope, etc. have been more commonly used, the research speed and accuracy are relatively high.
In the die casting industry, according to the difference of equipment, it can usually be divided into cold chamber die casting and Hot Chamber Die Casting. Cold chamber die casting is most used in aluminum alloy die casting. Cold chamber die casting is suitable for die casting of various non-ferrous metals, and its models are relatively complete, and the die castings of large and small parts are more suitable for production; the production operation is relatively simple, the production efficiency is high, and it is easy to automate. At present, the most used in the industry is also cold chamber die casting.
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Research progress of freeze-drying equipment at home and abroad Domestic freeze-drying equipment has been modernized. The domestic freeze drying equipment for medicine has achieved complete functions, reliable work, stable performance, advanced control, full implementation of GMP standards, and various technical indicators can meet the needs of biological products and pharmaceutical freeze-dried production. The main functions are hydraulic plugging in the box, online cleaning (CIP), steam sterilization (SIP), and control of major process parameters in the freeze drying process. The freeze-drying equipment for food has been enlarged, and the largest freeze-drying equipment currently has a freeze-drying area of ​​200m2. Tunnel type semi-continuous lyophilization equipment has also been introduced and is operating in good condition. Food lyophilizers can be automatically controlled using IPCs to ensure product quality. The foreign freeze-drying equipment has more varieties and specifications than domestic ones, complete supporting equipment, more energy-saving structures, and continuous freeze-dried equipment. In order to ensure the quality and energy saving of freeze-dried products, a combination freeze-drying device, such as a spray freeze-drying device, is often used in which a freeze-drying device is combined with other drying devices.
Development of domestic and foreign applications of freeze-drying technology The development of domestic freeze-drying technology for food industry is fast, most freeze-dried products provide raw materials for the international market, and the application of freeze-drying technology in the field of biological products and pharmaceuticals is steadily advancing. The activity of viable bacteria and live-disease vaccines must be lyophilized in order to improve the quality and instant solubility of drugs. Application in other areas is developing slowly. Foreign researchers are more open-minded and have more freeze-drying techniques in the production of nanomaterials. In the fields of restoration of old paintings and paintings, production of animal and plant specimens, etc., freeze-drying techniques have applications. 