In our usually larger projects, IP addresses are often insufficient. At this time, on-site personnel generally choose to divide VLANs. This method can really solve the problem of insufficient addresses. However, the cost of this method is high. Each aggregation point must use a switch that can divide VLANs. If it is not a standard Layer 2 and Layer 3 architecture, it must also use a switch that can configure Layer 3 routing. Increasing the equipment cost invisibly. Secondly, this method puts a lot of pressure on the gateway, and all data needs to be sent to the gateway before being forwarded.
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If the subnet division method is adopted and the subnet is planned before construction, a switch with a higher packet forwarding rate is used at the convergence point. It can realize the normal operation of the entire system and the forwarding of data packets. All data packets are forwarded only through Layer 2 and do not need to pass through the gateway.
We all know that IPV4 addresses are made up of four eight-bit binary numbers. Usually we use 255.255.255.0, which is a subnet consisting of a 24-bit mask. Similarly, we can also use a 23-bit mask to increase the number of IP addresses in the subnet. 