Recently, the European Union issued a new decree requiring all member states to unify tyre labels starting from November 1 this year. In the future, passenger car tires, light truck tires , truck tires and bus tires sold in the European Union must be marked on their labels with three values ​​that represent environmental protection and safety performance: rolling resistance, wetland grip and external rolling noise. Brazil’s Ministry of Industry and Foreign Trade announced on August 24 that it had decided to launch an anti-dumping review of motor vehicle tyres originating in China. In July, Thailand decided to impose four products on motorcycle inner tube products originating in China. Monthly anti-dumping duties; on June 22, Colombia promulgated Resolution No. 186, officially conducting anti-dumping investigations on passenger car tires (radial and conventional tires for buses or freight motor vehicles) originating in China. Preliminary results It will be announced on September 21. In March of this year, some companies in Mexico filed an application for an anti-dumping investigation on the export of tires from Shandong to the country. Since the United States launched a "tire special protection case" against China in April 2009, it has directly caused 12% of the tire industry in China to have excess production capacity, and dozens of tire enterprises have closed down, affecting hundreds of thousands of people. Although there are recent reports that the United States may cancel anti-dumping sanctions against Chinese tires, other countries have raised anti-dumping investigations and raised import thresholds, which will have a very negative impact on China's tire export industry, especially the European Union's unified tire labeling law. The launch of the crackdown on China’s tire export industry, which is dominated by low-grade products, is even more serious. According to statistics, China's tire exports to the EU accounted for 17% of the total export volume of the industry, which was higher than 20%. When the world economy is sluggish, it is often the period when countries frequently resort to trade remedy measures such as anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and special guarantees. In order to avoid the huge losses caused by relevant trade remedy measures and to avoid the continuous impact of international trade barriers on China’s tire export industry, some tire companies have either “goed out†and accelerated research and investment in overseas investment and construction. For example, Triangle Tire Holding Group plans to invest 250 million euros in the construction of a new tire factory in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is designed to produce 4 million tires per year. Triangle tire chairman Ding Yuhua said that last year the company set up a research and development organization in Akron, USA, and carried out strategic cooperation with Akron University to build a joint laboratories to promote continuous innovation in tire R&D and manufacturing technology. In August of this year, Zhongce Rubber invested RMB 1 billion to build a 840-mu production base in Thailand. Shen Jinrong, chairman of Hangzhou Zhongce, frankly stated that the establishment of the Thai base is a means of responding to foreign anti-dumping immediately. After the project was completed and put into production, what kind of products of China Strategic was anti-dumped and what kind of products the Thai base could produce, forming a new market strategy of “foreign production and foreign salesâ€. In addition, Delicate Group and Race Wheels also plan to increase investment in Thailand and Vietnam respectively. According to the latest statistics from the China Rubber Industry Association, as of August 29, there are five tire companies in China to build tire factories in Southeast Asia and other places, in which Sailing Wheels Co., Ltd.'s projects in Vietnam are expected to reach the end of the year. In addition to circumventing barriers to trade protection, tire companies faced the predicament of rising domestic manufacturing costs and tried to shift production. Compared with other South Asian and Southeast Asian countries, China’s average labor cost is 224.8% higher than Cambodia, 182% higher than Bangladesh, 195.3% higher than Vietnam, 138.6% higher than India, and 206.6% higher than Indonesia. In addition, with the pressure of RMB exchange rate fluctuations, raw material prices, eco-environmental protection costs, and other pressures, “Made in China†makes it even more difficult to make money, and the above-mentioned Southeast Asian countries have objectively become an investment niche for Chinese companies’ industrial transfer. Especially for tire companies, the rubber raw material production base in Southeast Asia offers unique geographical and price advantages for the transfer of production.
In 1979, Japanese JIS standard battery models were represented by the N of Nippon, followed by the size of the cell slot, expressed in terms close to the rated capacity of the battery, such as NS40ZL:
1.N stands for JIS standard;
2 . S represents miniaturization, that is, the actual capacity is 36Ah, smaller than 40 Ah; .
3. Z indicates better starting discharge performance under the same size, S indicates that the pole pile terminal is thicker than the battery with the same capacity, such as NS60SL; Note: Generally speaking, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery have different diameters to avoid reversing the polarity of the battery.
4. L represents the positive pole at the left end and R represents the positive pole pile at the right end, such as NS70R. (Note: From the direction of far away from the battery pole pile) to 1982, the Japanese JIS standard battery models in accordance with the new standard, such as 38B20L(equivalent to NS40ZL): 38 indicates the performance parameter of the battery. The larger the number, the more power the battery can store.
5. B indicates the width and height of the battery. The width and height combination of the battery is represented by one of the eight letters (A to H). The closer the character is to H, the greater the width and height of the battery.
6. 20 Indicates that the length of the battery is about 20cm.
7. L indicates the position of the positive terminal. When looking away from the battery pole, the positive terminal is marked R on the right end and L on the left end.
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