The establishment of the theoretical framework for the promotion of agricultural technology is a new and important topic worthy of in-depth discussion. It has a profound impact on the further development of agricultural technology promotion. Based on the current experience and application of agricultural technology promotion, this paper combines the author's understanding and proposes a preliminary concept. It is deeply immature, and the right to initiate a discussion, hopes to discuss, in order to reach a consensus, and propose reform of grassroots agricultural technology extension system. With construction implementation guidance. Attachment: List of Construction Projects for Basic Agricultural Technology Service Extension System
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I. Basic structural elements of grass-roots agro-technical promotion theory content Grass-roots agricultural technology promotion is a technical value transformation project that aims to promote the application of agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery scientific and technological achievements in production-centered tasks, scientific labor, and finally obtain economic benefits. This work object and the purpose of the task determine the structure of the agro-technical promotion and management system based on the theory of value conversion, and consists of four parts: the main theory, professional basic theory, related discipline theories, and support for operational management. The theoretical structure of the transformation of technological productivity is also the promotion of the specific theoretical system structure formed by the promotion principle, promotion specialty theory, promotion method theory, and promotion management theory. The main contents of these four parts are now described as follows:
(A) The implementation of grass-roots agro-technical extension system construction guidance guidelines for implementation of the implementation of grass-roots agricultural technology promotion system construction and implementation of the main principles of the promotion of the principle of the principle, according to the needs of the promotion of the task, must be based on science and technology - the transformation of primary productivity Subject theory. The basic principles and principles of the theory of first productivity conversion are:
(l) Science and Technology - Primary productivity has such basic characteristics as convertibility, composability, regulatable, stimulating, and permeability.
(2) Science and technology - The first productive forces can penetrate into other elements of productive forces, and together with other factors of production, they can be transformed into actual productivity, promote the development of social productivity, and increase agricultural output.
(3) Science and Technology - The first productive forces can be transformed into physical products, economic benefits, social benefits, and ecological benefits, which can be transformed from intangible values ​​to tangible values. These manifestations in the promotion of agricultural technology, can be specifically for agricultural science and technology achievements ~ promotion ~ skills, production ~ benefit conversion process theory and transformation quality management. We have defined the theory of scientific and technological achievements transformation as the subject of agricultural technology promotion, which not only enables the promotion of agricultural technology to follow the correct principles, has the correct theoretical guidance, improves its scientific level, but also ensures the social status of agricultural technology promotion and makes it prosperous. If the vitality L leaves the technology transformation theory, agricultural technology promotion cannot be practiced, nor can it exist. therefore. The main theory is at the first level of the theory system structure of agricultural technology promotion.
The theory of scientific and technological achievements conversion was determined as the main body of the theory of agricultural technology promotion, and the main basis for the reform of the grass-roots agricultural technology promotion system and the implementation guidance for construction were the following:
First, the need for the development of agricultural economy. In today's world, the tremendous economic development is based on the premise of the transformation of scientific and technological values ​​into the field of material production. Any economic development cannot be resolved by leaving this point. Naturally, therefore, it is required that the scientific and technological productivity of a product be transformed into a material product. Of course, the development of China's agricultural economy can not be exceptional. Moreover, the transformation of a large amount of technical energy into the field of material production is even more necessary. This determines the leading role and significant significance of the technology transformation theory in the promotion of agricultural technology.
Second, the need for morphological transformation of scientific and technological achievements, scientific and technological achievements have two kinds of attributes: knowledge form and material form. Only through popularization and application can scientific and technological achievements in knowledge form be transformed into physical productive forces in the form of matter, so as to directly promote production increase. This also determines that the main theory of agricultural technology promotion must be the theory of technology transformation.
Third, the need for grassroots agricultural technology extension disciplines. To develop agricultural science and technology to become a science, we must have specific research objects, content scope, and theoretical systems in order to develop healthily. The theory of technology transformation as the main theory of the agricultural technology extension discipline is also very appropriate.
(2) The professional basic theory of the implementation guidance for the implementation of grass-roots agro-technical extension system for professional basic theories is the core theory of the technical content of the agricultural technology promotion business. As agricultural technology promotion involves many fields, a wide range, complex and comprehensive. Therefore, the theoretical knowledge of various professional disciplines is needed as a basis to meet the needs. Here are some of the most important ones listed here:
1. Agronomy, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery theory. Including all professional theoretical knowledge of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, it is the basic knowledge of technology for agricultural technology promotion.
2. Ecological theory. The theoretical knowledge including agro-ecology, forestry ecology, farmland ecology, agricultural environmental protection, etc., is the foundational theory that enables the promotion of technology in accordance with natural laws, biotechnology and the environment.
3. Agricultural economics theory. Including the basic knowledge of agricultural economics and economic analysis principles.
4. Technical Economics, Productivity Economics Theory. It mainly includes basic knowledge of agricultural technology economics and productivity economics. As well as economic analysis and evaluation of agricultural technology and productivity economic analysis.
The above several professional disciplines are not only a system in the theoretical structure of agricultural technology promotion, but also a small system formed by them. It is the basic theory of practical application of agricultural technology promotion. Therefore, it is the second level of the overall agricultural technology promotion theory system structure.
(3) Related disciplines Theory Grassroots agro-technical extension involves the integration of natural sciences and social sciences. In addition to adhering to clear subject theories and professional basic theories, grass-roots agro-technical extension system reform and construction implementation guidance must rely on many related disciplines. Theoretical support, application of relevant disciplines to provide the principles, principles, methods and approaches to enhance and enrich the promotion of agricultural technology. The related discipline theory mainly contains the promotion method theory, at least the following:
1. Communication theory. Agricultural technology promotion is first of all to disseminate agricultural technology information. It should follow the theoretical guidance of communication science and apply communication methods.
2. Pedagogy theory. Pedagogy theory is the ideological guidance theory that runs through the whole process of agricultural technology promotion. Technical training, demonstration drills, retraining of agricultural technicians, and ideological work. All must be solved by pedagogical theories.
3. Behave scientifically. The acceptance and adoption of new technologies by peasants, agricultural technicians, and administrative personnel must resort to relevant theories and methods of behavioral science to transform their behavior.
4. Psychology theory. Whether farmers adopt technology or not, they are greatly affected by the mental. With the help of relevant theories of psychology, the peasants' psychological questions are solved. The communication and elimination of psychological barriers have a guarantee for the promotion of technology.
5. The "three theories" theory. System theory, cybernetics, information theory and abbreviation “three theories†are the common basic guiding theories for the whole process of agricultural technology promotion, and especially provide a systematic and scientific principle method for promotion in methodology, which is worthy of reference.
The theory of related disciplines provides a wealth of theoretical nutrition for agro-technical pushers, but it is actually beyond general relevance and has a basic guiding role.
(IV) Supporting theories Agricultural technology promotion is very social in nature, and it also has elements of “marginalityâ€, “intersection†and “intermediaryâ€. It must rely on a series of policies, regulations, laws, economics, organizations, and information exchanges. Professionals and other intermediary means to provide them with social conditions, so that the promotion of a unified social environment, in order to correctly play the role of technological transformation. Therefore, we must also have the support of social science theory, and we can only guarantee the operation. These theories mainly include:
1. The theory of administrative organization. Agricultural technology promotion is very administrative, mass, and comprehensive. It involves many aspects such as people, finances, and materials. It must rely on the theory of administrative organization, organization, coordination, and control to achieve a unified and smooth progress.
2. Scientific histology theory. The promotion of agricultural technology belongs to science and technology work. Its activities must follow the laws of science and use scientific theory of histology to organize and direct it so that it conforms to the laws of technological transformation.
3. Modern management theory. The elements and objects of agricultural technology promotion are numerous and complicated. It is necessary to carry out scientific management in accordance with modern management theories and principles in order to ensure the effective operation of the extension mechanism.
4. Leading art theory. The promotion of agricultural technology involves the joint action of tens of thousands of people. There are many levels and a wide range. Only the management methods are not enough. There must also be leadership theory to support it.
In addition, the history of science and technology, agricultural history, and related electronic theories also need close cooperation. The supporting operation theory is concentrated on management theory. It is the guarantee condition for the promotion of agricultural technology and belongs to the fourth level of the overall theoretical framework of agricultural technology promotion.
Second, grass-roots agro-technical promotion theory system structural elements composition and their relationship Grass-roots agricultural technology promotion theory system structure. It is a specific theoretical hierarchical structure that is formed by combining the specific conditions of technological transformation, taking the subject theory as the core, the multidisciplinary theory as the auxiliary, and the scientific theory as the foundation. The combination of the elements of each of the theoretical levels and their characteristics are as follows:
1. Form a hierarchy of architectures in a dynamic combination. The elements of the theoretical system structure of agricultural technology promotion are based on the goal of serving the main theories. Its role as a whole is equally important and joint. However, there are differences in the proportion of shares in the content of different projects and in certain stages and links. The degree of applying other discipline theories has also been focused. This feature determines the combination of spatial and temporal dynamics and combinational selectivity.
2. Form an architecture network with chained parallel and cross combination. The elements of the agro-technical promotion theory system structure each form a chain structure, and each chain is in a state of spoke-like parallel and intersecting, closely intertwining and cooperating.
3. Form an overall system architecture with a multi-system, multi-level, and large-scale network combination. The theoretical system of agricultural technology promotion links various elements and has features of vertical hierarchy, systematicness, horizontal network, and complex structure. Each element is a system. It also includes several subsystems and multiple levels. On the whole, a large network system of agricultural technology promotion theory system structure was formed. There are several small networks separately. Large networks are intertwined with small network systems. Connect with each other.
The characteristics of the above combination methods will inevitably make the theoretical system structural elements have close and inseparable correlations.
The first is the vertical and horizontal, organic internal connection. Around the core of the subject theory. Professional tomb theory, related principles, and supporting theoretical structural elements. With complementary cross-linked, intrinsically linked to each other. This kind of communication is still multi-layered and systematic.
Second, they are connected to each other. Interdependent. Four-level theoretical structural elements have a structural connection and dependencies, and lack a certain element, it will affect the structural integrity.
Third, promote each other. Develop together. The questions of the four-level theoretical structure are mutually reinforcing. The two-way influence relationship of common development. The subject theory draws on nutrition from the theoretical elements of other disciplines and enriches itself. therefore. It also promotes the development of other discipline theories.
Third, the practical significance of grass-roots agro-technical promotion theoretical system structure The implementation of grass-roots agro-technical promotion system construction guidance for the implementation of the implementation of grass-roots agricultural technology promotion theory system structure. It is in order to seek theories necessary to adapt to the promotion of agricultural technology. The above-mentioned four-level theoretical system structure of the grass-roots agricultural technology promotion system reform and construction implementation guidelines generally reflects the theoretical needs of agricultural technology promotion, conforms to the actual situation of agricultural technology promotion at the current stage, and contributes to the construction of agricultural technology promotion disciplines. Specifically, its practical significance is as follows:
1. Help to raise awareness of the scientific and social status of agricultural technology promotion. Agricultural technology promotion has long been considered by some people as "only experience and no science". Its social status and function are also not understood by people, and its development is also relatively slow. All have a certain relationship with the lack of theoretical support. Therefore, the four-level theoretical system structure provides the basis for theoretically thinking that the promotion of agricultural technology is scientific and social. Simultaneously. It also became a science for the promotion of agricultural technology and provided theoretical motivation.
2. Help to set the direction, formulate development strategies, and promote the promotion of career development. In recent years, there is a fear that the grass-roots agricultural technology promotion industry will be “competed out†under the conditions of market experience. Therefore, it is required that grass-roots agricultural technology promotion should be transferred to other areas than agricultural science and technology promotion to “competitionâ€. Development, in order to survive, causes it to deviate from the original purpose and direction of agricultural technology promotion. The four-level theoretical system structure provides the theoretical basis and motivation for the promotion of agricultural technology promotion and adheres to the promotion purpose. It also provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of agricultural technology promotion. 3. To guide the promotion of agricultural technology and improve the quality of promotion. Benefits provide theoretical assurance. The quality and effectiveness of agricultural technology promotion depends on scientific and standardized promotion, which must be realized under the guidance of correct theory. The four elements of the theoretical structure of the four levels provide a theoretical reference for this aspect, making it possible to follow in an orderly way in promoting practice.
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