Seed germination technology detailed analysis

Many vegetable seeds need to germinate. The general seeds that need to be primed can be divided into two categories: one is that fruit and vegetable seeds are slow to germinate and need to be sowed, such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, and cucumbers; the other is that summer temperatures are high, leading to Vegetable seeds have low germination rates, so they also need to be sowed, such as lettuce, spinach, celery, and garlic.

Different vegetables have different germination patterns. Hanging well method, cold storage method, sand mixing method and so on. Different germination methods correspond to different vegetable seeds. Here we look at different vegetable seeds, different germination methods. Before the general germination, it is necessary to go through the selection, disinfection, soaking, and finally germination.

Seed selection: Be sure to select seeds that are full, uniform in size, and high in purity. Remove dirt from the seeds so as not to affect germination or cause bad seeds. Selection is the basis of germination, and only if the foundation is solid enough to achieve a good germination effect. Disinfection: 1, dry heat disinfection method. Mostly used in tomatoes, first drying seeds, so that the water content of 7% or less, placed in oven 70 degrees Celsius to 73 degrees Celsius baking for 4 days, after removal of germination, can prevent tomato ulcer disease and virus disease. 2, warm soup soaking method. Soak the seeds in hot water at 60°C for 10 to 15 minutes, stirring them while soaking. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, stop stirring, continue immersing for 3 to 4 hours, remove and dry germination, and reduce seedling disease. 3, liquid soaking method. Commonly used formalin 100 times, first soaked with water for 3 to 4 hours, and then soaked in liquid for 20 minutes, remove with water rinse can be primed. Cucumber seeds are soaked in water for 2 hours and liquid medicine is soaked for 30 minutes. This method can prevent tomato early blight, eggplant brown leaf disease, cucumber anthracnose, blight and so on. It is also possible to use different liquid soaks for different diseases to be controlled. There are three different disinfection methods for disinfection. We can make certain choices according to the different seeds. Soaking: seeds must be soaked before germination, but soaking time should not be too long. After experiments, cucumbers are used for 1 to 2 hours, and pepper, eggplant and tomato are suitable for soaking in 3 to 4 hours (including soaking time when the seeds are disinfected). Soaking is a very important step before germination. The effect of soaking seeds directly affects the result of germination. Priming: Control the soaked seeds to water and wrap them with good gauze. Make sure that the seeds are in a loose state and do not press too tightly. During germination, if the seeds are dry, rinse with water. This is a whole germination process, only a step by step; selection, disinfection, soaking three steps in order to do the best germination. Any point spread pool, then the effect of germination will not achieve the results we expected. Let's analyze what should be noted in the specific germination process below.

The key to germination is temperature, suitable temperature and germination time: cucumber 28 ~ 30 °C, germination time 16 ~ 24 hours; tomato 28 ~ 30 °C, germination time 3 days; sweet pepper 33 ~ 35 °C, germination time 4 ~ 5 Eggplant 30 °C, germination time 4 to 5 days. At present, the method of changing the temperature and germination is advocated, that is, the temperature is reduced by 5 to 10° C. for 8 hours at night, and maintained at about 20° C. This method can increase the seed germination rate and shorten the germination time. The precipitating equipment is preferably equipped with an artificial climate box or artificial climate incubator. It is an instrument that can artificially control the germination environment of the seeds, such as temperature, humidity, and illuminance. These parameters affect the seed germination. key. As long as these parameters are well controlled, the seed germination rate can be greatly improved. After germination, the seeds appear white and can be sown. If the temperature, humidity is not suitable, can be planted when the bud grows to 2 to 3 mm. If the seeds have sprouted and cannot be sowed in time, the seeds can be stored at a temperature of about 5°C for several days, and precautions should be taken to prevent freezing and drying. Here we specifically look at the germination process of tomato, eggplant and other vegetable seeds.

Tomato germination The selected seeds were soaked in warm water at 20°C-30°C for 5-12 hours. After removing the seed coat mucus with water, the clean wet cloth bag was placed in an environment of about 25°C. The seeds were to be kept. A certain temperature, but not too much humidity, so as not to rotten species. Eggplant germination soak the selected seeds with warm water of 60°C-70°C and stir rapidly. Let the water temperature drop and then soak for 12-16 hours. Wash the seed coat mucus with water and put it into a clean wet cloth bag with built-in dry 28°C- Germination at 30°C. Pepper germination The selected seeds were placed in warm water at about 30°C to rinse the grains, and then soaked in warm water at 60°C for 15 minutes. Then the water temperature was lowered to 35°C and soaked for 10-12 hours. Remove and wash with clean water. Put in a clean wet cloth bag and germinate at 28°C-30°C. Celery priming The selected seeds were placed in warm water at 50°C, rinsed 2-3 times a day, and rinsed once to change the water. Until the water is clear, then soak for another 24 hours, remove and germinate in a wet cloth bag placed at 25 °C -30 °C, temperature of 90% or more.

The above analyses are those vegetable seeds that germinate slowly and need to be sowed. Here we look at some vegetable seeds that are suitable for sowing in the summer but that also require germination. Such as bamboo shoots, spinach, celery, garlic and other vegetables.

First, lettuce germination

(1) Hanging well method: Seed is soaked in the newly proposed well water (15°C or so) or cold water for 5 hours, rinsed 2 or 3 times, remove the mucus impurity, remove it after drying, and wrap it with a wet cloth bag to dry it slightly. Dry, hanging from the well surface 10 to 30 cm, the temperature is maintained at about 15 °C, wash with well water 1 to 2 times a day, 3 to 4 days to bud.

(2) Refrigeration method: soak the seeds for 24 hours, rinse them clean, wrap them with gauze, and put them in the refrigerator or freezer, refrigerate them at 3～5°C for 24 hours, then place them in a cool and ventilated place, and the seeds germinate slowly. get on. When the shoots are white, spread out in a cool, well-ventilated place with scattered light, and be careful about spraying, moisturizing, and drying. After 2 to 3 days, when the germ emerges light green, it can be sown.

(3) Sand mixing method: Soak seeds for 1 to 2 hours and mix them with wet sand. Place them on the air-raid shelter or water tank, keep cool and moist, and germinate in 3 to 4 days.

(4) growth regulator germination method: in 30 ~ 40 °C high temperature, can also be used 5 mg / liter of gibberellic acid soaked for about 8 hours, then rinse with tap water, you can sow, the germination rate can be increased to 80% about.

Second, spinach germination

The seeds were immersed in cold water for about 12 hours, then placed in a refrigerator, refrigerated at a low temperature of 4[deg.] C. for 24 hours, and then germinated at 20[deg.] C. to 25[deg.] C. Sprout after 3 to 5 days. Can also be used 0.1% potassium nitrate solution soaked for 16 to 20 hours to break the dormancy, until the seeds exposed after sowing.

Three, garlic germination

(1) Well water immersion method: Soak garlic cloves in well water for 20-24 hours, sow after sowing, and cover with a shade net to cool down.

(2) Influx of garlic: 15 to 20 days before sowing, grade the garlic cloves, rinse it in clean water and remove it, and put it in the cellar or in a cool indoor room. Place garlic cloves on the ground or in the cellar, about 7 to 10 cm thick, then cover the soil. The moisture of the cover soil was pinched by hands and scattered to the ground. After 15 to 20 days of treatment, most garlic clove can be sown when white roots are released, and seedlings can be grown 5 to 8 days after sowing.

Four, celery germination

Thick celery seed oil, oily glands, and very small, when more than 25 °C germination, very difficult, should be low temperature germination after pods can be soaked cool well water 6 ~ 12 hours, remove the floating seeds after adding a little gibberellin or Love and more income, etc., and then dip for 12 hours, drained and wrapped with gauze, hanging into the well or placed in a refrigerator at about 5 °C for 1 to 3 days. The treated seeds are mixed with 5 times fine sand and put in place at 15 to 18°C ​​to see light. Turn 1 or 2 times a day to keep the fine sand moist. Seeds can be sown when 80% of the seeds are germinated in 5 to 7 days. Soaking with fresh water for 12 to 24 hours, hanging from the well at 40 to 60 cm away from the water surface, 3 to 4 days when 80% of the seeds can germinate.