Discussion on Selection Methods of Wire Cutting Machines

Machinery manufacturing technology has undergone profound changes. Due to the stronger demand for product diversification in the society, the proportion of multi-species, medium and small-scale production has increased significantly. It has been difficult to adapt traditional processing equipment to high-efficiency, high-quality, and diversified processing requirements. The application of machine tool numerical control technology has greatly shortened the pre-preparation time of mechanical processing and continuously improved the level of automation in the whole process of machining, and also enhanced the ability of the manufacturing system to adapt to changes in various production conditions.


The basic components of CNC wire-cutting machine tools include machining programs, high-frequency power supplies, drive systems, numerical control systems and machine tool bodies. Machining programs can be written manually (such as the early 3B instructions), and are now mapped on computers (such as current CAXA, HL, HF, YH, etc. programming software), and then generate machining programs. The input of the program can be manually input by the panel (single board machine) of the CNC system, or can be transmitted through the computer's 232 serial port, or it can be transmitted by the computer's USB interface.


In the selection of CNC wire-cutting machine tools can be considered from three aspects, the first is whether the machine body can meet their own processing requirements, the quality of the machine tool. Followed by the numerical control system, the numerical control system has many kinds, chooses the appropriate system to be the key to purchase the numerical control engine bed. The last is the drive unit, which is also the key to the control of the machine tool. Different machining units can achieve the same machining accuracy. When selecting the drive unit, the drive unit must be selected according to the precision requirements of the machined workpiece.


The following analysis will be carried out in three aspects: machine tool body, numerical control system and drive unit:


1, the choice of machine body


First of all, the design of the machine tool and the size and weight of the workpiece must be optimally matched. For medium and large load tables, a full-support machining center structure is used. This design can have enough load-bearing stiffness, precision, vibration resistance, and accuracy retention. Followed by the mechanical transmission of the feed system to use ball screw, ball screw is superior to the triangular thread screw and trapezoidal thread screw, and the screw diameter is required to be as large as possible, increase the rigidity. Once again, the guide rails and the guide rails of the table are the key to ensure the accuracy of the table. Users should pay great attention to the selection of models. First, observe the size of the cross-section of the guide rail. Under the same conditions, the thicker and more rigid, the more difficult it is to deform during processing, so as to ensure the highest accuracy and durability of the machine tool in long-term work. The common guide rail structure on the market today has the following types: 1 inlaid steel ball type rolling guide; 2 inlaid steel roller type rolling guide; 3 linear rolling guide.


The difference between the first and the second is on the roller body of the guide rail, one is the ball and the other is the roller. The ball and the guide surface are in point contact, the roller and the guide surface are in line contact, so its wear resistance and bearing capacity are much better than the ball type. The linear slide rail is a kind of rolling guide, which is infinitely rolling cycled between the slider and the slide rail by the steel ball, so that the load platform can easily move linearly along the slide rail with high precision, and the friction coefficient can be reduced to the traditional Slide guide 1/50, making it easy to achieve μm-level positioning accuracy. The design of the terminal unit between the slider and the slide rail enables the linear slide rail to bear loads in all directions such as up and down, left and right, and the linear slide rail has a more smooth and low noise movement characteristic. The precision and bearing capacity are much better than ball and roller type. At present, the machine tools imported by Japan's Sodick Company, Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation, Swiss Charmilles, and Ruiach Company, as well as the domestically-made machine tools produced by Shanghai Heshao, all adopt the third structure. Therefore, by contrast, users should try their best to select models. Consider the third structure.


2. Optional CNC system


The numerical control system is the "brain" of the numerical control machine tool, and operates and processes the machine tool control information. According to the principle of numerical control system can be divided into economical numerical control system and standard type numerical control system.


2.1 Economical Numerical Control System


From the perspective of control methods, economical CNC systems generally refer to open-loop numerical control systems. The open loop numerical control system is an exponential control system without a position detection device itself. The numerical control system sends out a certain number and frequency of command pulses, and the drive unit performs machine positioning. In the case of an open-loop system under the influence of external factors, the machine tool does not operate or move in place, but the system has reached the designated position when the machine tool reaches the specified position. At this time, the machining accuracy of the machine tool will be greatly reduced. However, due to its simple structure, rapid response, stable and reliable operation, convenient commissioning and maintenance, combined with very low prices, but by stepper motor torque and frequency characteristics and accuracy, feed speed, torque constraints between the three, performance Increased restrictions. Therefore, the economical CNC system is currently used in CNC wire cutting and some economical wire-cutting wire-cutting machine tools with low speed and accuracy requirements. It has also been widely used in the numerical control transformation of ordinary wire walking machine tools.


2.2 Precision Numerical Control System


Precision CNC system includes semi-closed-loop numerical control system and full-closed-loop numerical control system.


The semi-closed-loop numerical control system generally refers to the position signal of the servo motor of the machine tool (photoelectric encoder) feedback to the numerical control system. The system can automatically perform position detection and error comparison, and can compensate and control part of the error, so its control accuracy is better than open-loop numerical control system. To be high, but lower than the closed-loop numerical control system.


In addition to the position feedback of the servo motor of the machine tool, the full-closed-loop numerical control system also feedbacks the position signal of the position detection device of the machine tool table (generally using a scale) to the system, thereby forming all position follow-up control, and the system is in the process of processing. Automatically detect and compensate for all position errors.


The full-closed-loop numerical control system has the highest machining accuracy, but the commissioning and maintenance of such systems is extremely difficult, and the system's price is very high. It is only applicable to medium-to-high-end CNC machine tools.

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