New problems in the import and export of machinery and instrumentation and other machinery industries and countermeasures

1. In 2010, the import and export of machinery industry hit a record high According to customs statistics, in 2010, the total import and export volume of the machinery industry was US$513.83 billion, an increase of 36.39%. Among them, the import of 255.347 billion US dollars, an increase of 41.14%; export 258.483 billion US dollars, an increase of 32%. The import and export trade surplus was 3.136 billion U.S. dollars (according to the statistical scope of China Machinery Industry Federation, the same below).

1. Exports grew rapidly and reached a record high in 2010. Exports of the machinery industry have exceeded the highest level in 2008 (exports of 24.2498 billion U.S. dollars). Compared with the same period of last year, except for heavy mining machinery exports, all industries in the machinery industry grew by more than 20% year-on-year, of which the two largest industries were mechanical base parts and automobiles, which grew by 43.73%. 40.3%.

The products with a year-on-year increase of more than 50% from the previous year mainly include: tractors, diesel engines, loaders, forklifts, electronic measuring instruments, automotive instruments, plastic machinery, numerical control machine tools, gas turbines, low-voltage switchboard cabinets, molds, pneumatic components, Bearings, cars, off-road vehicles, passenger cars, buses, etc. The export of these products is very good.

In 2010, state-owned enterprises exported 43.313 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 16.76% of total exports; foreign-funded enterprises accounted for 14.1926 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 54.91%; and private enterprises accounted for 73.243 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 28.33%.

The distribution of export areas began to change, the proportion of exports to developed economies began to decline, and the proportion of emerging economies and developing countries increased. Among the total exports, the proportion of developed economies in the EU, the United States, and Japan fell from 43.53% in 2008 to 41.55% in 2010. It shows that due to the great impact of the financial crisis on developed economies, demand has been relatively reduced.

2. Imports grew at a rapid rate, and the import amount greatly exceeded the highest level in calendar years. In 2010, the import volume of the machinery industry exceeded the highest level in 2008 (imported $194.83 billion). Compared with the same period of last year, the net increase in imports reached 74.43 billion U.S. dollars, which is also the highest level in history and the trend is very strong.

Compared with the same period of last year, the imports of various industries in the machinery industry increased in an all-round manner, of which the most rapid growth in imports was in the automotive industry, reaching 74.95%; followed by the machine tool industry, 66.73%; and once again in the construction machinery industry, 65.93%.

Compared with the same period of last year, the imports increased more than double the major products: tractors, excavators, pavers, automotive instrumentation, machining centers, cars, passenger cars, buses and so on. The reasons for the rapid growth, in addition to the strong consumer demand for cars, minibuses, off-road vehicles, motorcycles, and cameras, are mainly due to strong investment in fixed assets.

After analysis, the net increase of 74.43 billion US dollars, the net increase of 20.92 billion US dollars in the automotive industry; followed by electrical appliances industry, a net increase of 10.26 billion US dollars; again the instrumentation industry, a net increase of 8.73 billion US dollars; fourth is the machine Tool industry, a net increase of 6.37 billion US dollars. Among them, the import growth of automobiles, machine tools, excavators, power electronic components, and automatic adjustment and control instruments is very strong.

Second, the new situation and new issues facing the import and export of machinery industry in 2011 1. Exports In 2011, the world economy was in a recovery phase after the financial crisis, and the economic growth rate will gradually recover. According to the forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the GDP of developed economies will increase by about 2.4% in 2011, and the GDP of developing countries will increase by about 6.6%. It is expected that the demand in the international market will increase. In particular, China’s economic and technological cooperation with emerging economies and developing countries will continue to expand. Together with ASEAN’s establishment of a free trade zone, it will sign free trade zones with countries such as Chile, Peru and Singapore. As a result of the agreement and other factors, the international economic environment in 2011 is conducive to the stable and rapid development of foreign trade in China's machinery industry.

New situation and new issues:

First of all, the appreciation of the renminbi is under pressure. On June 19, 2010, the People's Bank of China announced that it will continue to implement exchange rate reforms to make the exchange rate more flexible. The increase was 3.2% in half a year. This will inevitably greatly increase export costs.

Second, some raw materials such as steel (4728, 5.00, 0.11%), copper and aluminum and other non-ferrous metal prices may rise; labor costs rise; bank loan interest rates increase, will increase export costs, reduce export competitiveness, so that export companies face difficulties.

Again, trade protectionism has risen in various countries and trade frictions have increased. Some developed countries led by the United States have implemented trade investigations and trade sanctions against China in many fields. For example, the United States recently conducted a trade investigation on the wind power equipment that I exported to the United States; on February 7, 2011, the United States decided to impose high anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties on some of the oil drill pipes exported from China to block the export of Chinese products to the United States.

Based on the above analysis, although there are several unfavorable factors and difficulties in 2011, there are many favorable factors. The world economy is recovering. The structure of China’s export products is constantly being optimized. Some achievements have been made in opening up potential markets for enterprises, and solid progress has been made in international operations. pace. Therefore, the export of machinery industry will continue to grow steadily and rapidly in 2011, and the proportion of exports to emerging economies and developing countries will continue to increase.

2. Imports First, the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2010 pointed out that it is necessary to “optimize the import structure, expand the scale of imports, and play an important role in the macroeconomic balance and economic restructuring of imports”. At the national business conference held at the beginning of 2011, the Ministry of Commerce proposed to expand imports and strive to achieve a basic trade balance, revising and expanding the catalogue of encouraged imports, and implementing preferential import policies. The Ministry of Commerce will hold a national import conference in the first half of 2011 to introduce policies, optimize the environment, and promote the development of China's import trade.

Secondly, the "Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" stipulates that starting from January 1, 2011, mainland China will import 176 kinds of machinery products from Taiwan to reduce tariffs. For most products (such as CNC horizontal lathes, etc.), the import tariff in 2011 fell from 8% to 15% to 5%, and in 2012, the import tariff was reduced to zero. The main products with large tax-reduction face include machine tools, plastic machinery, low-power motors, molds, and hydraulic parts.

Again, the appreciation of the renminbi will reduce import costs and benefit imports.

Third, a number of countermeasures 1. Adapting to Changes in International Market Demands, Adjusting and Optimizing the Structure of Export Products After the international financial crisis took place, countries have adopted a series of corresponding measures, and the international market demand has undergone some changes. The relevant export companies must adapt to this change and adjust products in a timely manner according to the needs of users. Structure, good service. At the same time, as domestic companies adjust their product mix, change the progress of development methods, optimize the structure of export products in a timely manner, and gradually reduce the export of “two high and one capital” products.

2. Explore potential markets and pay attention to the impact of the European sovereign debt crisis. Actively explore markets in the Middle East, Central Asia, Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe, India, Brazil, and Russia to promote diversification of the export market and work hard to make up for lost shares in markets such as the European Union and the United States.

The debt crisis started by Greece has extended to Ireland, Spain and other countries, leading to the continued spread of the impact of the European sovereign debt crisis, prompting a significant depreciation of the euro, and also allowing the renminbi to appreciate relative to the euro, which has a major impact on China’s exports. The relevant companies need to pay close attention to the volatility of the exchange rate of the euro and changes in the market, and actively take corresponding measures to timely adjust export strategies.

3. Continuing to “go global” and increase internationalized operations In recent years, some of China’s powerful enterprises have achieved effective results in carrying out international operations, and some are gradually establishing global sales service outlets, which has created a good condition. It is necessary to encourage more qualified companies to “go global” to invest and set up factories, establish joint ventures and cooperation with local companies, or selectively merge and acquire foreign companies with advanced manufacturing technologies, and create conditions for the gradual transfer of advanced technologies to the production of domestic enterprises. In the product, this promotes the adjustment and upgrading of the product structure of the company.

4. It is necessary to grasp the opportunities for expanding imports and improve the capacity for independent innovation. On the one hand, relevant companies should make full use of the state's policy of encouraging imports and introduce the necessary advanced technologies and equipment as well as key components and parts for product use. In the process of expanding imports, the use of imported equipment as a bargaining chip, through negotiation with foreign companies, tendering, etc., brings in technology at the same time; or importing equipment to attract foreign companies to cooperate with me, and our company will contract a number of components and transfer part of the technology. With the increase in the number of imported equipment of the same type, we gradually expand the scope of our company's production until we have mastered the technology.

On the other hand, efforts should be made to improve independent innovation capabilities. Independent innovation does not mean that everything should be developed from scratch. With the globalization of economy and the rapid development of science and technology, it is impossible for any country to independently develop technology in all fields and shut down to engage in independent innovation. In this sense, it is very important to pay attention to the introduction, absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies. Therefore, while expanding imports, we must work hard to absorb new innovations, continue to research and develop new products with independent intellectual property rights, and strive to improve our competitiveness.

5. Actively create conditions to promote cross-border trade settlement in RMB In June 2010, the People’s Bank of China and other departments issued the “Notice on Expanding the Issues Related to the Pilot Project of Expanding Cross-border Trade RMB Settlement”, and decided to expand the geographical scope and business of the cross-border trade RMB settlement pilot project. range.

This measure is an important choice for avoiding exchange rate risk, which can reduce dependence on the U.S. dollar and reduce losses caused by the appreciation of the renminbi to export companies. Judging from recent multi-party information, many foreign investors are also willing to use RMB settlement and have achieved substantial results. According to statistics, in the first 10 months of 2010, China's renminbi settlement with more than 70 countries and regions has exceeded RMB 250 billion in value of imports and exports, and great progress has been made. Exporting companies should work closely with customers, choose powerful banks, and actively promote cross-border trade in RMB settlement.