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Key words mercury bismuth symbiotic ore mixed flotation drug removal inhibition mercury strontium separation
1 Introduction Shaanxi Province Xunyang bronze ditch mercury antimony deposit is a large mercury and antimony mine the only proven symbiosis, mercury reserves in Asia. Its type of deposit is unique and rare in the world. It is a complex and difficult to choose ore. There is no successful precedent for comprehensive recycling of resources. Shaanxi Xunyang Mercury Co., Ltd. started investing nearly 2 million yuan in 1987 and has established The furnace and the vertical well kiln attempt to achieve the separation of mercury smog, but due to serious environmental pollution, the recovery rate is very low and it has not been officially put into production.
Faced with the severe problem of declining rich mineral resources and the lack of application of a large number of poor ore resources, it began in 1997. On the basis of the laboratory test of mercury flotation flotation separation, we conducted a semi-industrial application test of mercury flotation flotation separation in a concentrator of 25 tons of ore in Qingtonggou. In the semi-industrial test, for the change of ore properties and the actual conditions of the plant, the data detection is strengthened, the pharmaceutical system and technical parameters are continuously adjusted, and after continuous operation, the ideal semi-industrial test indicators are finally obtained:
Mercury concentrate: W (Hg) = 74.24%; recovery: 85.32%; antimony concentrate: W (Sb) = 62.93%; recovery: 90.12%
The research results have been reviewed by the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and the research results have reached the domestic leading level. In 1999, the company won the third prize of Shaanxi Science and Technology Progress Award.
2 The nature of the ore selected in the semi-industrial test
The semi-industrial tests ore selected from four types of mineral composition, it was found in primary mineral four kinds of metal ore (stibnite, cinnabar, pyrite, magnetite), three kinds of secondary metal ore minerals (brown There are 9 kinds of iron ore, Yuhua, Huanghuahua, and gangue minerals, totaling 16 kinds. Metal minerals are few except Sb's industrial mineral stibnite and Hg's industrial mineral cinnabar. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz , calcite and dolomite, followed by barite , and others are rare.
The relationship between the main mineral cinnabar and stibnite is more complicated, including the phenomenon of being wrapped by stibnite or the phenomenon of wrapping stibnite, as well as the phenomenon of co-existing and intermingling, and the embedding granularity is greater than 0.074mm. About 50%, the separation is more difficult.
The ore selected in this semi-industrial test is a dip-dyed-fine vein-disseminated structure; a network ring-mesh-like vein-like structure; a fine vein-like staggered structure; dust-like and film-like structures. According to the characteristics of ore mineral combination, the ore types are divided into four types: strontium ore, mercury ore, mercury strontium ore and oxidized ore. The former three types are mainly the latter, and the latter is only partially visible, accounting for less than 1%.
3 Laboratory test overview
In the laboratory research, we carried out the experimental study of grinding fineness and re-grinding of mixed concentrate according to the characteristics of various types of ore in the first mining period of the plant, experimental research on the chemical conditions, and various technological schemes. Comparative test, scheme test of medium-mine treatment process, and experimental research of various technical conditions and process flow. The final determination of mercury hydrazine mixed flotation (primary rough selection, secondary sweep selection, three selections) - mixed concentrate de- peony - selective inhibition - mercury hydrazine mixed concentrate flotation separation (separation rough selection, two The second sweep and three selections) - the process of mercury concentrate and antimony concentrate, obtained the ideal experimental research indicators:
Mercury concentrate: 70.29% mercury; mercury recovery rate: 87.7%
4 Process conditions and processes for semi-industrial tests
4.1 Process conditions and design indicators Based on the results of the pilot test, combined with the actual situation of the Qingtonggou plant and the large changes in the ore quality of the selected ore, the process conditions determined after comprehensive analysis are as follows:
Test scale: 25 tons / Japanese ball mill feed size: 8 ~ 0mm [next]
Ball mill grinding concentration: W (ore) = 75%
Classifier overflow concentration: W (ore) = 30%
Grader overflow fineness: -0.074mm80% Pharmacy system: (see Table 1)
Raw ore grade: W(Hg)>0.6%; W(Sb)>3%
Mercury concentrate grade: W(Hg)>65%
锑 concentrate grade: W (Hg) > 55%
Recovery rate: Hg>85%; Sb>80%
5 Semi-industrial test commissioning Before the semi-industrial test, the first continuous and stable test of mercury-hydrazine mixed flotation was carried out, and the main technical conditions were tested and adjusted to make the processing capacity, grinding index, classification fineness, etc. of the plant. The basic conditions met the standards required for semi-industrial testing. During the semi-industrial test of flotation separation, the key operations were mainly to test and adjust the mineral processing chemicals and technical conditions.
5.1 Mercury-mixed flotation In the mixed flotation, in order to ensure a high recovery rate of mercury in the separation, we increased the amount of swabs to minimize the mercury and antimony content in the mixed flotation tailings. Limit, as much as possible to improve the recovery rate of mixed flotation. After repeated sampling and analysis, the content of mercury and antimony in tailings has been stabilized at 0.03% and 0.12%, and the combined flotation recovery rates of mercury and antimony are greater than 95% and 96%, respectively. In addition, we reduced the amount of No. 2 oil in the rough flotation to 40g/t from the original 40g/t without affecting the selection index, which reduced the viscosity of the coarse concentrate foam. The drug removal of the work laid a good foundation.
5.2 Mercury and Separation Flotation The key to obtaining high quality mercury concentrates and antimony concentrates is the process of removing the concentrate from the premixed mercury. It is very difficult to separate the mercury ruthenium by using a large amount of flotation agent on the surface of the mercury sulphide mixed concentrate before entering the separation. In response to this problem, we focused on the study of the drug-discharging process, using a simple and easy-to-use adsorption method to remove the drug, and replacing a high-efficiency stirring tank for the drug-removal operation to improve the mixing capacity. In addition, a large number of tests have been carried out on the type and amount of the drug to be removed, so that the agent on the surface of the mixed concentrate is effectively detached.
5.3 Selective inhibition In the flotation separation of mercury bismuth, the separation of mercury ruthenium is quite difficult because the surface of stibnite is susceptible to the strong activation of mercury ions. For this reason, in terms of effectively suppressing stibnite, in addition to reducing the amount of potassium dichromate used conventionally, we also use the No. 1 inhibitor synthesized by our unit to effectively prevent the collector from being on the surface of the stibnite. The adsorption eliminates the activated ions in the slurry, prevents the mineral from being activated, desorbs the flotation agent on the surface of the stibnite, improves the surface properties, oxidizes the surface and effectively suppresses it, and finally achieves the purpose of effective separation of the mercury.
The ratio and dosage of potassium dichromate and inhibitor No. 1 must be strictly controlled. If the dosage is too large, some of the mercury in the slurry will also be inhibited, and the dosage is small, so that the inhibition of indole is not complete. In the semi-industrial test, according to the results of the small test and the continuous debugging of the site, the amount of potassium dichromate and inhibitor No. 1 decreased from 1700g/t, 50g/t to the final 400g/t, 35g/t, respectively. And achieved satisfactory separation indicators. [next]
5.4 Adjustment of collectors After the removal of the mercury and sputum concentrates, the small amount of butyl xanthate must be appropriately added, and the difference in the floatability of mercury and bismuth can be used to achieve the purpose of floating mercury. . In the semi-industrial test, in order to further improve the grade and recovery rate of mercury concentrate and antimony concentrate, we conducted the dosage test of Dinghuang on the spot. The test results are shown in Table 2.
5.5 Semi-industrial test results and process flow After the on-site commissioning was stable and normal, after a continuous operation for 10 days, a total of 261 tons of ore was processed, and the ideal separation technical index (average index) was finally obtained:
Mercury concentrate: W (Hg) = 74.24%, yield 1.00%, recovery rate 85.32%
Antimony concentrate: W (Sb) = 62.93%, yield 3.05%, recovery rate 90.12% 
5.6 Semi-industrial test process conditions and results analysis
(2) Analysis of the loss of mercury and strontium after the separation of mercury hydrazine From the test results, it can be seen that after the flotation separation of mercury sulphide, the recovery rates of mercury and strontium decreased from 95% and 96% of the mixed flotation to 85.32%, respectively. And 90.12%, which is mainly related to the change in the nature of the selected ore. According to the identification and analysis of rock ore, most of the ore selected are fine veins, dip-dyed, dusty and film-like, and there are inclusions in mercury and antimony, although the grinding fineness has reached -325 mesh 97%. However, there is no significant increase in the recovery of mercury and antimony. In order to further clarify the reasons, in the semi-industrial test, we separately sent samples to Xi'an for microscopic analysis. According to the microscopic analysis, in the separated mercury concentrate and antimony concentrate, the monomer of mercury is not visible in the antimony concentrate, and the monomer in the mercury concentrate is not visible, and only the phenomenon of mutual infiltration is observed. And a small amount of inclusions. This shows that the recovery of mercury and samarium after separation is mainly caused by the complex structure and intercalation of the ore. This phenomenon is also a problem that cannot be solved by the mechanical beneficiation method.
6 Semi-industrial test costs and technical and economic indicators After semi-industrial tests, the technical indicators gradually stabilized. Calculated at a production scale of 150 tons/day, the cost per ton of raw ore processed is 92.91 yuan. This fee includes auxiliary materials, energy consumption, wages, depreciation, maintenance, and workshop management fees. See Table 3 for technical and economic indicators.
(2) This semi-industrial test selected its own synthesized No. 1 inhibitor, using a mixed flotation-mixed concentrate de-drug-selective suppression-mercury-half flotation separation process, reducing the toxic agent heavy chromium The dosage of potassium acid is technically feasible, economical and reasonable, and the technical indicators are ideal.
(3) In the semi-industrial test for the separation of mercury cesium in this flotation, we have improved on the basis of the small test, so that the amount of potassium dichromate, the inhibitor of stibnite, was reduced from the original 1700g/t to 400g. /t, this alone can save the drug costs of 1.02 million yuan per year (150 tons / day scale).
(4) It can be seen from the technical and economic indicators that all indicators have met the requirements and the economic benefits are very significant.
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Semi-industrial experimental study on flotation separation of mercury bismuth symbiotic sulfide ore
Semi-industrial experimental study on flotation separation of mercury bismuth symbiotic sulfide ore
Link of Liu Yunjie Chen Chang Arts World Bank
Shaanxi Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources
Abstract treated in day 25 tons of mine ore processing plant, a small experimental research as the basis, the type and nature of mineral stone complex real problem for the processing plant, a semi-experimental research industry. After continuous operation, a stable semi-industrial test index for mercury hydrazine separation was finally obtained. After the test, the production cost is reduced, the harm to the environment is reduced, and the economic and social benefits are very significant.
锑Essence: 58.56% 锑, 锑 recovery rate: 91.30%
Table 1 Semi-industrial test agent system
Job name
Lead nitrate dosage (/gt -1 )
Ding Huang medicinal amount (/gt -1 )
No. 2 oil consumption (/gt -1 )
Amount of activated carbon (/gt -1 )
The amount of weight of chromium potassium (/ gt -1)
No. 1 inhibitor dosage (/gt -1 )
Mixed flotation
Rough selection
800
100~150
30~50
Sweep
200
50
15
Two sweeps
100
30
10
Separation flotation
Rough selection
5
5
300
500
40
Sweep
5
5
Two sweeps
10
5
One fine
100
10
According to the laboratory test indicators, considering the gap between semi-industrial test and small test, the technical indicators of semi-industrial test design are:
Table 2 Mercury bismuth separation flotation semi-industrial test Dinghuang medicinal amount test results
Ding Huang medicinal amount
product name
Yield(%)
grade(%)
Recovery rate(%)
Hg
Sb
Hg
Sb
Separation rough selection (10g/t)
Mercury sweep (10g/t)
Mercury concentrate
0.74
72.024
8.07
74.65
2.14
Antimony concentrate
3.97
3.331
65.95
18.52
93.84
Tailings
95.29
0.048
0.12
6.83
4.02
Raw ore
100.00
0.714
2.79
100.00
100.00
Separation rough selection (30g/t)
Mercury sweep (30g/t)
Mercury concentrate
0.98
74.106
7.28
84.84
3.19
Antimony concentrate
3.39
2.855
57.19
11.31
90.74
Tailings
95.63
0.036
0.14
3.85
6.07
Raw ore
100.00
0.856
2.24
100.00
100.00
Separation rough selection (35g/t)
Mercury sweep (35g/t)
Mercury concentrate
1.05
78.626
6.24
87.83
2.80
Antimony concentrate
3.52
2.657
61.87
9.95
93.07
Tailings
94.43
0.024
0.10
2.22
4.13
Raw ore
100.00
0.940
2.34
100.00
100.00
The final process flow chart is shown in Figure 2. [next]
(1) Characteristics of No. 2 oil in mixed flotation The No. 2 oil used in the industrial test was produced in Liaoning Tieling. It is characterized by a higher viscosity than other manufacturers and has a certain ability to capture. In the case of mixed flotation, if the amount is increased according to the prescribed amount, although the recovery rate can be improved, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to remove the mixed concentrate before separation. In order not to affect the effect of drug removal, in the semi-industrial test, the amount of No. 2 oil in the mixed flotation was reduced by 50%, which made the deionization effect of the mixed concentrate ideal.
Table 3 Technical indicators
Serial number
project
unit
index
Serial number
project
unit
index
1
Annual processing of ore
Ten thousand tons
4.80
5
Raw ore cost
Yuan / ton
95.00
2
Raw ore grade
HG
%
0.87
6
Mineral separation cost
Yuan / ton
92.91
antimony
%
2.13
7
Product output
HG
Metal tons
356.59
3
Concentrate grade
HG
%
74.20
antimony
Metal tons
921.29
antimony
%
62.93
8
Annual sales income
Ten thousand yuan
1840.94
4
Recovery rate
HG
%
85.32
9
Total annual cost
Ten thousand yuan
898.08
antimony
%
90.12
10
Annual profit tax
Ten thousand yuan
942.86
7 Conclusion (1) According to the rock ore identification, the ore of the stibnite and cinnabar is finer in the ore selected in this semi-industrial test, and its structure is fine veins, fine veins, and veins. The stibnite and cinnabar partially form inclusions, which brings greater difficulty to the complete separation of mercury and strontium.
(5) After the application of this achievement, it will make a mine become multi-mine, and it has significant social benefits in reducing resource waste, protecting the ecological environment, revitalizing the local economy, increasing state taxation, and resettling employment.