Table 7-6 Lists of the main pests of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Mengbian Forestry Bureau Pest name Chemical conversion rate % Feathering rate % Sex ratio (male and female) Egg production (grain) Egg loss rate % Hatching rate % Overwintering larvae loss rate % Number of juvenile larvae (articles)/ autumn tufts (articles, heads, grains) Larch caterpillar 83 54 1:0.8 300 15 80 35 2 to 4 instar larvae 0.65/1 (larvae) Larch 81.5 1:1.3 220 6 89 1 instar larvae 65.2 rods/head (蛹) Larix gmelinii 85 95 1:0.9 32 90 1st instar larvae 12.3/1 (preliminary) Larix principis 15 0.85 3rd instar larvae / 1 larva Gypsy moth 600 30 50 0.35 1st instar larvae/1 (egg) Larch cone flower fly 88 51 1:0.8 36 10 80 7.34 1 instar larvae/1 head (蛹) Note: It is the result of system monitoring in the past 10 years 7-7 Classification of Major Pests of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the Mengbian Forestry Bureau Insect species Insect unit the level of danger Forest age + ++ +++ Larch caterpillar 3 to 4 instar larvae Article/Strain 5 to 20 21 to 40 40 or more 5 to 10 years 10-30 31~50 above 50 11 to 20 years 20 to 40 41 to 70 More than 70 20 years or more Larch 1st instar larva Article/Strain 400 to 1200 1201 to 3000 More than 3000 15 to 20 years 700 to 1700 1701~3500 3500 or more 21 to 30 years Larix gmelinii 1st instar larva Article/Strain 700 to 1200 1201 to 2500 More than 2500 15 to 20 years 100 to 1500 1501 to 3000 More than 3000 21 to 30 years Larix principis larva Head / 100cm extension sticks 10 to 20 21 to 40 40 or more Gypsy moth 1st instar larva Article/Strain 20 to 40 41 to 70 More than 70 5 to 15 years 30～60 61 to 100 More than 100 16-25 years Larch cone flower fly 1st instar larva Article/Strain 30 to 150 151～300 More than 300 About 15 years Note: The criteria for the classification of hazard levels are: 1. Leaf-feeding pests: 1/3 of needle damage is light (+), 1/3 to 2/3 is medium (++), and 2/3 or more is heavy (+++). 2. Seed pests: The actual damage rate of 10% or less is light (+), 11 to 12% is medium (++), and 20% or more is heavy (+++). Section III Main rodents of Larix principis-rupprechtii Rat poisoning is one of the four pests. Among rodents, the species of rats is the most. According to relevant data, there are more than 2,800 kinds of rodents on Earth, of which there are more than 180 species in China. However, the rodent species of Larix principis-rupprechtii that was endangered in the Mengbian Forest Management Bureau of Hebei Province was mainly brownbacked. This section will only expound on the rat. First, clethrionomys rufocanus sunderall Alias: red hair mouse, mountain mouse. 1. Taxonomic status in rodents Rodentia rutiformes Myomorpha hamsters cricetidae vole subfamily Microtinae genus clethrionomys 2. Distribution Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Xinjiang. 3, recognition feature length 85 ~ 115mm (average 97mm), tail length 26 ~ 36 mm (average 30.7 mm) is about 1/3 of the body length; ear shorter, an average of 12.5mm; eye round, black; smaller limbs . From the forehead, the neck to the buttocks, the back hair is more pronounced red-brown hair, and the hair base is grayish-black; the hair on both sides of the body is light gray and gray hair on the abdomen; the tail hair is short, the back is grayish black, and the belly is grayish white. Skull: The skull is relatively thick and short, with a concave groove in the center of the eye to guide the front end of the frontal bone. The skull is long, the bubble is not large, and the cheekbones are slightly thick. Teeth: The teeth are larger. M1 and M2 have five closed triangles and M3 has four. The last tooth blade often communicates with the front triangle, and slightly protrudes backwards. The inside and outside sides each form three protruding angles, which can be distinguished from the red back plane. 4, living habits (1) Inhabiting environment: After the logging of the original broad-leaved secondary forest is inhabited by the Mengfu Forest Management Bureau in Hebei Province, the coniferous and broad-leaved young forest land formed by artificial regeneration is promoted. In the peak year of the rat population, there are more numbers in the mountains, in the mountains and on the slopes. In the middle or low years of quantity, the forest is often leeward and leeward in forests with dense weeds, bushes, wild roses, and flat hazel. (2) Cave structure: Caves are built under the roots, fallen wood, cutting roots, shrubs, grasses, and litter layers. The depth of the cave is 5 to 10 cm, the depth is 30 cm, and the caverns are two or more. Runway connection. In winter, there is a hole in the snow and there are criss-crossing holes in the snow layer. (3) Feeding habits and hazards: The rats have seasonal differences in diet, and prefer the green part of the plants (spring stems, young leaves) in the summer; after spring (after surface thawing) and after the fall of the fall, the rats eat the young leaves of the plants and The underground stems are the dominant species. They feed on seeds and bark during the winter, mainly through the nurturing of trees such as larch, pine and hawthorn, resulting in the death or growth of larch and young seedlings, and dry branches and branches. The degree of harm of the same species of the tree of different ages is different. Generally, young trees within 10 years of age suffer the most. From 10 to 15 years old, the victim is lighter, and 15 or more students are rarely killed. The hazards of larch and Pinus sapling young trees are generally from November to February of the following year, and they are mostly harmful at night and in the morning. The damage was mild and the strips were stripped from the base stems. The direction was to the southeast: the phloem was more southeastwards. Moderate-to-major hazards are mostly ring-skinned, and the ring width is usually 4 to 10 cm, and it is 15 cm or more. After peeling, there are rodent marks to distinguish them from livestock. 5. Occurrence characteristics In the forest area of ​​the Mengzi Forest Management Bureau, from April to May, the rat was flowering when the native Pulsatilla spp., and it was the first stage of reproduction when the Acanthopanax erected leaves. The breeding season was from June to August. Each year, 2 to 4 babies are born and 4 to 7 babies are born. The average is 5 to 6 and their life span is about 1.5 years. Stop breeding in October. The number of rat populations varies regularly in different years. Generally there is a high bee every three years, and the interval between two peak years is two years. The reason for the cyclical changes in the population of the mouse is closely related to the amount of strong seeds in the forest. In the second year of the harvest of the dominant tree species, the population of the rat population soared into the peak year. 6, feeding observation young rats afraid of light, afraid of heat. Under plenoptic conditions, pups die for 3 days under adequate food conditions. The shading conditions are normal. Adult rats like to eat foods with high water content, such as fruits (apples, pears) berries (tomatoes) vegetables (such as cucumber, eggplant, etc.), under the conditions of insufficient water, less dry food such as cornmeal. Under the condition of waterless, it can maintain normal growth and development by cultivating fresh straw, such as Artemisia ordosica. Observations were made of cornmeal and wheat as feed. Wheat was eaten less, corn meal less, and rotten hay was rejected. Under conditions of sufficient food, different littermates and sub-adults were killed in the same cage. When there is not enough food, the individuals will eat together with the nest. Adult rats were more timid and suspicious than young rats. Their foraging behavior was more regular than that of young rats. There were more activities in the evening and early morning.
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